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[作曲技巧] 怎样快速记谱(中英对照)

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geci888 发表于 2017-8-14 15:35:08 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
How can I quickly memorize a piece?( ]8 _3 `! w8 [" H- s  k
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There are many approaches to take, and it''s probably a good idea to use, I2 L+ Q1 I* a7 u/ _' _, b3 D
as many of them as possible./ h& }4 G, k5 Q7 n. B
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First, try to learn what the large scale structure of the piece is. Is it
0 M( c0 H7 N/ d- x$ Z& Ybinary? Ternary? Rondo? That way you are basically beginning by cutting6 l2 l) t- M$ W4 H# O
it up into more manageable chunks.3 P9 K# w. @0 i3 T

, E5 z9 l& m0 FSecond, look for phrasing and other types of musical structures.
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" P* q9 w! ~9 _4 D- v/ FTry to learn it by ear (can you sing the piece all the way through without+ w' v1 `- o* D3 P. Z- ~/ v
the music or the guitar?). This is easier for people who are more "aurally"5 F7 L+ Y3 C+ q& n6 U) F
orientated (like me).
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If you are more "visual" try to memorize the page to as great an extent as5 |7 h. `7 {5 V
you can. The harp prof here gave a lecture about memory & learning, R" ~4 e0 L* j# F  O3 }
techniques, and said that visual memory really was more stimulated by: x( R2 O& n/ `3 p
looking up (and to the left, I think) so if you can, try placing your music
' e9 ~. B5 b% Ostand VERY high (for practice & learning) such that you are looking UP at& r0 z* z/ w0 }# D( l$ w' m0 s* L
the music.
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8 q! \+ u0 g: W) f& a! I. `' SI knew many guitarists in Spain who memorized the solfege syllables - they( z6 ]! x7 S8 T/ J
could sing their pieces from start to finish (mi re mi fa mi re mi...)
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Try to memorize the piece starting at the back (This is a tip from David7 O, D3 V- V! ?0 o9 U" H
Russell) - we always go from front to back, often bogging down, so usually,
: W: B0 g' k& n: i8 {3 d, zthe farther into a piece we go, the less familiar & comfortable it is. If
+ P: `/ J! c8 s8 x5 _4 Syou learn the LAST measure, then the next to last measure, etc. you are - o! O7 C; T7 q  g5 q! J
setting up a situation where the farther you go, the MORE familiar and , m' u/ P4 A: n( E
comfortable things are.) l: |- h  m7 L4 k8 l
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This also brings up the issue of learning single measures (apart from# W8 C; }$ L' t  Q6 f' e
whatever musical context they might have). Jose Tomas used this technique
6 [9 m1 G, |  k% V% |" g( G% Jas a way for his students to learn 30 minutes of *new* repertoire in
$ e" _/ E% h% ^! i6 q( [1 month: at the beginning, make a learning plan, in which you assing% t* I5 x5 ]3 F5 [/ P. x& q
yourself X measures to learn each day, making sure that every day you
* ~9 Y. b+ b* @( Z) P0 X- C7 e+ rlearn some of every piece (instead of working on piece A, then later
) `: G. ]. P3 nstarting on piece B, etc.). Learning very short chunks helps you program
7 {; L! t9 X: I2 O' l' z: I; Uyour physical movements much better.$ B9 h9 y- W- J' q. ?: {
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This brings up the even more excruciating techniques suggested by Manuel
* j9 d+ b% O% w6 L+ }$ h; q; fBarrueco. Make sure you know your right and left hand fingerings so
+ v: g; j; d( Z6 nthoroughly that you can do either separately.
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For example, play the piece with the right hand only (i.e. all open
' g2 n# d9 U: j% u2 K' Ystrings, but using the *EXACT* right hand fingerings).
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3 C( L$ F5 a  g# b0 oThen, try playing the left hand alone. This is a bit harder, because it
; y6 j5 o& j$ X3 b* `7 Tdoesn''t really necessarily function as well without the precision of the
  |7 Z( S  W/ X# oright hand. Barrueco''s solution is to mis-tune the guitar to some random
8 p( ~* G- e; Z: _3 Dtuning (i.e. 6th to F, 5th to Ab, 3rd to G#, 1st to D#)...then play your/ K  w6 r$ r% K- r
piece, concentrating on plainingg the fingering perfectly., ?: L7 V! V" Y0 E2 F' b
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This is an excruciatingly difficult thing to do if you are primarily
! B; t8 v" Z, A+ k* b+ {# Van "aural" type (I am) - but it''s good, the totally "wrong-sounding"
* U* \% G1 d8 Y% i8 wnature of this forces you to fight to not be distracted and concentrate
# y3 }8 u  Z- E1 J: D& jon playing the fingering right.( X0 X3 S; B8 C2 }7 k6 V
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Do this *very* slowly to practice the fingering without relying on your# B5 e: W5 ]* q
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附"反弹吉他"的翻译:
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( r; T4 l9 N4 ~" E* a6 K* i$ e当回好人,给大致翻译一下:
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3 F6 Q' n9 q2 l; `0 N怎样快速记住一个曲子2 U/ D' m' p7 M' ?; L1 J! S( v8 u
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有很多办法,最好尽量综合使用; Z; ?1 c4 W4 ~0 L% E

0 K# ^( a: b* I  A2 A首先是分析曲式,看看是2段体,3段体还是回旋曲,这样就可以把曲子分割成容易对付的几块,9 R. ?: j; b& l0 S$ F
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然后看每个段落和乐句,! O5 }  R7 F' b

" }$ T3 u4 T$ w用耳朵记住整个曲子,你能不能不听录音,不用吉他把整个曲子唱出来?这个方法适合听觉导向的记忆者,& B' O. l+ D! k; n8 U

6 E4 i. N6 B4 `. i) q视觉导向的把谱子放在高处往上看更容易记住,3 G( U. D! T8 {# e
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很多西班牙的演奏家能从头到尾把曲子唱出来,3234323。。。。
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! Y2 I* F9 q. p( e1 }大卫罗素从后边往前背。。。。# f/ g9 H9 z& R. {6 b  ~

& Z& z8 K7 x1 M何塞托马斯教学生用1个月记住一个30分钟的曲子,方法是订个计划,把曲子分成小块,每天学一块,顺序任意。。。。
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更精确的办法就是象八路爱科一样记住两手的指法,直到可以两手单独运动," J; h( u; M0 M6 F4 V+ h3 ]4 J

8 Q: Q) W7 }6 N; Z比如,光弹右手,都是空弦,指法要精确。。。
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还可以只按左手,八路为了集中精力,把琴弦都给调乱了,这样就不会用右手了,对听觉记忆导向的人这样很难,但是很有效。。。
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很慢的这样练习 5 J9 o2 a( q0 r" B
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