怎样快速记谱(中英对照)

How can I quickly memorize a piece?
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There are many approaches to take, and it''s probably a good idea to use
as many of them as possible.
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/ W4 Q5 O8 B) h9 S; }) x0 x' a2 fFirst, try to learn what the large scale structure of the piece is. Is it
7 }6 b: [8 n, }! V7 q; \# T% dbinary? Ternary? Rondo? That way you are basically beginning by cutting
it up into more manageable chunks.

1 s! P/ P$ O% A3 V. b  p9 X8 w/ HSecond, look for phrasing and other types of musical structures.
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8 k( N  D2 W2 s* U8 RTry to learn it by ear (can you sing the piece all the way through without
the music or the guitar?). This is easier for people who are more "aurally"
. Q0 y# K  y! }2 [6 e! norientated (like me).
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If you are more "visual" try to memorize the page to as great an extent as
you can. The harp prof here gave a lecture about memory & learning
) B8 V; p6 J# ?& _) c) j) j& {* otechniques, and said that visual memory really was more stimulated by
looking up (and to the left, I think) so if you can, try placing your music
stand VERY high (for practice & learning) such that you are looking UP at
9 J6 I7 s( I2 j& |+ B4 Rthe music.

: E' p  t, u0 Z/ \I knew many guitarists in Spain who memorized the solfege syllables - they
could sing their pieces from start to finish (mi re mi fa mi re mi...)
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% z$ m* H1 t$ N9 Q6 m  kTry to memorize the piece starting at the back (This is a tip from David
Russell) - we always go from front to back, often bogging down, so usually,
the farther into a piece we go, the less familiar & comfortable it is. If
" i, J# ^" g8 U/ F% |# D. _you learn the LAST measure, then the next to last measure, etc. you are
% ?; `/ F$ O8 x6 O. Dsetting up a situation where the farther you go, the MORE familiar and
& ~3 X% h6 h# |! ]. m8 P+ `4 ~comfortable things are.
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This also brings up the issue of learning single measures (apart from
whatever musical context they might have). Jose Tomas used this technique
1 ^- [. @$ l6 I* yas a way for his students to learn 30 minutes of *new* repertoire in
1 month: at the beginning, make a learning plan, in which you assing
yourself X measures to learn each day, making sure that every day you
learn some of every piece (instead of working on piece A, then later
* |% k& r. L; @6 s) k9 Jstarting on piece B, etc.). Learning very short chunks helps you program
1 S2 y" ]0 h/ cyour physical movements much better.
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9 m) R0 A$ o! \5 d0 u% nThis brings up the even more excruciating techniques suggested by Manuel
Barrueco. Make sure you know your right and left hand fingerings so
) r: i) ?0 r, V3 r! g+ `: \/ Ythoroughly that you can do either separately.
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For example, play the piece with the right hand only (i.e. all open
/ y/ [0 s. E, `8 d( _; nstrings, but using the *EXACT* right hand fingerings).
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. W) n7 G( r& D4 y7 ~" |Then, try playing the left hand alone. This is a bit harder, because it
# F0 y$ ]: m' d0 adoesn''t really necessarily function as well without the precision of the
right hand. Barrueco''s solution is to mis-tune the guitar to some random
& b% B9 U% G/ Z$ Ytuning (i.e. 6th to F, 5th to Ab, 3rd to G#, 1st to D#)...then play your
) n3 |- R6 R' M" N4 ^# A$ F7 }piece, concentrating on plainingg the fingering perfectly.

This is an excruciatingly difficult thing to do if you are primarily
) E% d- X1 d6 x; T8 G! q+ B  nan "aural" type (I am) - but it''s good, the totally "wrong-sounding"
nature of this forces you to fight to not be distracted and concentrate
: b: X; p$ A, l. ~9 Ton playing the fingering right.

7 d0 o  D2 t3 s3 YDo this *very* slowly to practice the fingering without relying on your
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. d; L3 A2 ]( _  h8 ]附"反弹吉他"的翻译:

当回好人，给大致翻译一下：

( b- u4 B) n/ v8 j怎样快速记住一个曲子
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6 {% C7 I9 l0 u$ E4 `- }4 P有很多办法，最好尽量综合使用
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! I8 p: n. O+ H首先是分析曲式，看看是2段体，3段体还是回旋曲，这样就可以把曲子分割成容易对付的几块，

3 u! h( l5 j. D! x然后看每个段落和乐句，

用耳朵记住整个曲子，你能不能不听录音，不用吉他把整个曲子唱出来？这个方法适合听觉导向的记忆者，
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$ ?3 J. o% ^6 _5 F* [2 @) g视觉导向的把谱子放在高处往上看更容易记住，
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很多西班牙的演奏家能从头到尾把曲子唱出来，3234323。。。。

" I& I" X# ]# z# m4 z大卫罗素从后边往前背。。。。
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何塞托马斯教学生用1个月记住一个30分钟的曲子，方法是订个计划，把曲子分成小块，每天学一块，顺序任意。。。。
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( X5 \% a% Y. p% z1 K! B' A更精确的办法就是象八路爱科一样记住两手的指法，直到可以两手单独运动，

5 l6 R8 x% g6 r: ?- x比如，光弹右手，都是空弦，指法要精确。。。
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, Q3 L8 h& C7 _0 j" N3 ]' i还可以只按左手，八路为了集中精力，把琴弦都给调乱了，这样就不会用右手了，对听觉记忆导向的人这样很难，但是很有效。。。
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很慢的这样练习